javascript - 为什么浏览器无法读取我导入的模块，但 node.js 可以？
所以我对 Typescript、JavaScript 和 NPM 生态系统还很陌生。我正在为客户创建一个 dapp，并且遇到了一个问题：只有当我尝试在浏览器中使用一些 npm 包时才会出现，而在 node.js 上运行它们时不会出现。
这是我的文件夹结构（为了简化，把所有东西都移动到了根目录）：文件
这是我正在尝试导入的模块：npm 包
这里是浏览器控制台的错误（当我在 Node 中使用这些模块时不会出现运行时错误）：控制台错误
这是重现该问题所需的代码：
HTML ：
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Suteki Hyper Trainoor</title>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png">
<link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest">
<link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5">
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/dojo/1.10.4/dojo/dojo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="connect_container">
<button id="button"><span>Connect Wallet</span></button></body>
</div>
<div class="modal">
<div class="modal-box">
<div class="modal-content">
<h2 class="modal-title">Choose a wallet</h2>
<button class="wallet-btn" id="Phantom">Phantom Wallet</button>
<button class="wallet-btn" id="Solflare">Solflare Wallet</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="custom-alert">
<p id="custom-alert-message"></p>
</div>
<script type="module" src="loader.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
CSS ：
body{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #3a90c2, #032333);
}
.connect_container{
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100vh;
}
#button {
display: flex;
padding: 12px 24px;
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #3f6b8e, #5b9dc5);
border: 1px ridge whitesmoke;
border-radius: 35px;
color: #fff;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: bold;
text-align: center;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 2px;
}
#button:hover {
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #5b9dc5, #3f6b8e);
}
#button span {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
}
#button span:after {
position: absolute;
top: 50%;
right: -10px;
width: 0;
height: 0;
border-top: 10px solid transparent;
border-left: 10px solid #5b9dc5;
border-bottom: 10px solid transparent;
transform: translateY(-50%);
opacity: 0;
transition: all 0.3s ease;
}
#button:hover span:after {
width: 10px;
opacity: 1;
right: 0;
}
.loader {
border: 4px solid #f3f3f3;
border-top: 4px solid #3498db;
border-radius: 50%;
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
animation: spin 0.5s linear infinite;
margin: 0 auto;
}
@keyframes spin {
0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}
.modal {
display: none;
position: fixed;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
z-index: 1;
overflow: auto;
}
.modal-box {
background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, #09555c, #022022);
border-radius: 12px;
padding: 20px;
max-width: 500px;
text-align: center;
animation-name: modalFadeIn;
animation-duration: 1s;
}
@keyframes modalFadeIn {
from {
transform: translateY(70%);
opacity: 0;
}
to {
transform: translateY(0);
opacity: 1;
}
}
.modal-title {
font-size: 24px;
color: #fff;
margin-bottom: 20px;
text-align: center;
font-family: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;
}
.modal-content {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.wallet-btn {
padding: 10px 20px;
margin-bottom: 10px;
border: none;
border-radius: 5px;
font-size: 16px;
font-weight: 600;
color: #fff;
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #3A58FF 0%, #3A58FF 100%);
cursor: pointer;
}
.wallet-btn:hover {
background: linear-gradient(90deg, #4967F1 0%, #3A58FF 100%);
}
#Solflare{
padding-left: 24px;
padding-right: 24px;
}
.custom-alert {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
background-color: rgb(131, 32, 32);
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
display: none;
}
Typescript ：
import { WalletAdapterNetwork } from '@solana/wallet-adapter-base';
import {SolflareWalletAdapter} from '@solana/wallet-adapter-wallets';
import { clusterApiUrl, Connection} from '@solana/web3.js';
declare global {
interface Window {
solana: any;
}
}
const button = document.getElementById('button') as HTMLElement;
const modal = document.querySelector('.modal')as HTMLElement;
const phantom = document.getElementById('Phantom')as HTMLElement;
const solflare = document.getElementById('Solflare')as HTMLElement;
const loader = document.createElement('div');
loader.classList.add('loader');
//added this so I can add the import transpiled js and prosuce issue.
//comment this line to rmeove issue
const connection = new Connection('');
//issue-1
//custom alert message
function showAlert(message:string) {
var customAlert = document.querySelector('.custom-alert') as HTMLElement;
var customAlertMessage = document.querySelector('#custom-alert-message') as HTMLElement;
customAlertMessage.textContent = message;
customAlert.style.display = 'block';
setTimeout(function() {
customAlert.style.display = 'none';
}, 3000);
}
//connecting to phantom
async function connect_phantom(){
if (!window.solana || !window.solana.isPhantom) {
// Phantom is not installed
console.log('lmao')
showAlert('Phantom wallet extension not installed!')
button.style.display = 'flex'
loader.style.display = 'none'
return
}
try {
await window.solana.connect();
console.log("Connected to Phantom wallet");
// Do something after connection is established
} catch (err) {
showAlert('Error while connecting to wallet')
}
}
//connecting to phantom
async function connect_solflare(){
//if (!window.solana || !window.solana.solflare) {
// // Phantom is not installed
// showAlert('Solflare wallet extension not installed!')
// button.style.display = 'flex'
// loader.style.display = 'none'
// return
// }
try {
console.log(window.solana)
//const temp= new SolflareWalletAdapter()
//temp.connect()
console.log("Connected to Solflare wallet");
// Do something after connection is established
} catch (err) {
showAlert('Error while connecting to wallet')
}
}
button.addEventListener('click', async() => {
// Hide the button
button.style.display = 'none';
loader.style.display = 'flex'
if ( null === button.parentNode ) {
throw Error( 'refNode.parentNode is null');
}
// Add the loading indicator element to the document
button.parentNode.insertBefore(loader, button.nextSibling);
setTimeout(() => {
modal.style.display = 'flex';
}, 500);
//await wallet.connect();
});
phantom.addEventListener('click', async() => {
modal.style.display = 'none';
await connect_phantom();
});
solflare.addEventListener('click', async() => {
modal.style.display = 'none';
await connect_solflare();
});
ts-config 文件：
{
"compilerOptions": {
/* Visit https://aka.ms/tsconfig to read more about this file */
/* Projects */
// "incremental": true, /* Save .tsbuildinfo files to allow for incremental compilation of projects. */
// "composite": true, /* Enable constraints that allow a TypeScript project to be used with project references. */
// "tsBuildInfoFile": "./.tsbuildinfo", /* Specify the path to .tsbuildinfo incremental compilation file. */
// "disableSourceOfProjectReferenceRedirect": true, /* Disable preferring source files instead of declaration files when referencing composite projects. */
// "disableSolutionSearching": true, /* Opt a project out of multi-project reference checking when editing. */
// "disableReferencedProjectLoad": true, /* Reduce the number of projects loaded automatically by TypeScript. */
/* Language and Environment */
"target": "es2016", /* Set the JavaScript language version for emitted JavaScript and include compatible library declarations. */
"lib": ["es6","DOM"], /* Specify a set of bundled library declaration files that describe the target runtime environment. */
// "jsx": "preserve", /* Specify what JSX code is generated. */
// "experimentalDecorators": true, /* Enable experimental support for TC39 stage 2 draft decorators. */
// "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, /* Emit design-type metadata for decorated declarations in source files. */
// "jsxFactory": "", /* Specify the JSX factory function used when targeting React JSX emit, e.g. 'React.createElement' or 'h'. */
// "jsxFragmentFactory": "", /* Specify the JSX Fragment reference used for fragments when targeting React JSX emit e.g. 'React.Fragment' or 'Fragment'. */
// "jsxImportSource": "", /* Specify module specifier used to import the JSX factory functions when using 'jsx: react-jsx*'. */
// "reactNamespace": "", /* Specify the object invoked for 'createElement'. This only applies when targeting 'react' JSX emit. */
// "noLib": true, /* Disable including any library files, including the default lib.d.ts. */
// "useDefineForClassFields": true, /* Emit ECMAScript-standard-compliant class fields. */
// "moduleDetection": "auto", /* Control what method is used to detect module-format JS files. */
/* Modules */
"module": "ES6",
//"rootDir": ".", /* Specify the root folder within your source files. */
"moduleResolution": "node", /* Specify how TypeScript looks up a file from a given module specifier. */
"baseUrl": "./", /* Specify the base directory to resolve non-relative module names. */
// "paths": {}, /* Specify a set of entries that re-map imports to additional lookup locations. */
// "rootDirs": [], /* Allow multiple folders to be treated as one when resolving modules. */
// "typeRoots": [], /* Specify multiple folders that act like './node_modules/@types'. */
// "types": [], /* Specify type package names to be included without being referenced in a source file. */
// "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true, /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */
// "moduleSuffixes": [], /* List of file name suffixes to search when resolving a module. */
//"resolveJsonModule": true, /* Enable importing .json files. */
// "noResolve": true, /* Disallow 'import's, 'require's or '<reference>'s from expanding the number of files TypeScript should add to a project. */
/* JavaScript Support */
"allowJs": true, /* Allow JavaScript files to be a part of your program. Use the 'checkJS' option to get errors from these files. */
// "checkJs": true, /* Enable error reporting in type-checked JavaScript files. */
// "maxNodeModuleJsDepth": 1, /* Specify the maximum folder depth used for checking JavaScript files from 'node_modules'. Only applicable with 'allowJs'. */
/* Emit */
// "declaration": true, /* Generate .d.ts files from TypeScript and JavaScript files in your project. */
// "declarationMap": true, /* Create sourcemaps for d.ts files. */
// "emitDeclarationOnly": true, /* Only output d.ts files and not JavaScript files. */
"sourceMap": true, /* Create source map files for emitted JavaScript files. */
// "outFile": "./", /* Specify a file that bundles all outputs into one JavaScript file. If 'declaration' is true, also designates a file that bundles all .d.ts output. */
//"outDir": "build", /* Specify an output folder for all emitted files. */
// "removeComments": true, /* Disable emitting comments. */
// "noEmit": true, /* Disable emitting files from a compilation. */
// "importHelpers": true, /* Allow importing helper functions from tslib once per project, instead of including them per-file. */
// "importsNotUsedAsValues": "remove", /* Specify emit/checking behavior for imports that are only used for types. */
// "downlevelIteration": true, /* Emit more compliant, but verbose and less performant JavaScript for iteration. */
// "sourceRoot": "", /* Specify the root path for debuggers to find the reference source code. */
// "mapRoot": "", /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
// "inlineSourceMap": true, /* Include sourcemap files inside the emitted JavaScript. */
// "inlineSources": true, /* Include source code in the sourcemaps inside the emitted JavaScript. */
// "emitBOM": true, /* Emit a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (BOM) in the beginning of output files. */
// "newLine": "crlf", /* Set the newline character for emitting files. */
// "stripInternal": true, /* Disable emitting declarations that have '@internal' in their JSDoc comments. */
// "noEmitHelpers": true, /* Disable generating custom helper functions like '__extends' in compiled output. */
// "noEmitOnError": true, /* Disable emitting files if any type checking errors are reported. */
// "preserveConstEnums": true, /* Disable erasing 'const enum' declarations in generated code. */
// "declarationDir": "./", /* Specify the output directory for generated declaration files. */
// "preserveValueImports": true, /* Preserve unused imported values in the JavaScript output that would otherwise be removed. */
/* Interop Constraints */
// "isolatedModules": true, /* Ensure that each file can be safely transpiled without relying on other imports. */
// "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true, /* Allow 'import x from y' when a module doesn't have a default export. */
"esModuleInterop": true, /* Emit additional JavaScript to ease support for importing CommonJS modules. This enables 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports' for type compatibility. */
// "preserveSymlinks": true, /* Disable resolving symlinks to their realpath. This correlates to the same flag in node. */
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true, /* Ensure that casing is correct in imports. */
/* Type Checking */
"strict": true, /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
"noImplicitAny": true, /* Enable error reporting for expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
// "strictNullChecks": true, /* When type checking, take into account 'null' and 'undefined'. */
// "strictFunctionTypes": true, /* When assigning functions, check to ensure parameters and the return values are subtype-compatible. */
// "strictBindCallApply": true, /* Check that the arguments for 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods match the original function. */
// "strictPropertyInitialization": true, /* Check for class properties that are declared but not set in the constructor. */
// "noImplicitThis": true, /* Enable error reporting when 'this' is given the type 'any'. */
// "useUnknownInCatchVariables": true, /* Default catch clause variables as 'unknown' instead of 'any'. */
// "alwaysStrict": true, /* Ensure 'use strict' is always emitted. */
// "noUnusedLocals": true, /* Enable error reporting when local variables aren't read. */
// "noUnusedParameters": true, /* Raise an error when a function parameter isn't read. */
// "exactOptionalPropertyTypes": true, /* Interpret optional property types as written, rather than adding 'undefined'. */
// "noImplicitReturns": true, /* Enable error reporting for codepaths that do not explicitly return in a function. */
// "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, /* Enable error reporting for fallthrough cases in switch statements. */
// "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true, /* Add 'undefined' to a type when accessed using an index. */
// "noImplicitOverride": true, /* Ensure overriding members in derived classes are marked with an override modifier. */
// "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": true, /* Enforces using indexed accessors for keys declared using an indexed type. */
// "allowUnusedLabels": true, /* Disable error reporting for unused labels. */
// "allowUnreachableCode": true, /* Disable error reporting for unreachable code. */
/* Completeness */
// "skipDefaultLibCheck": true, /* Skip type checking .d.ts files that are included with TypeScript. */
"skipLibCheck": true /* Skip type checking all .d.ts files. */
}
}
在 node 和 commonjs 中使用这些模块可以正常工作。我尝试过使用 es6、AMD、UMD 以及其他 ESM，但都不行。