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javascript - 获取 TypeScript 中类的所有模型属性


我有以下 TypeScript 类:

export class City {
  name: string;
  fullName: string;
  country: string;
  countryCode: string;
  center: GeoPoint;
}

我需要一种在运行时获取所有模型属性的方法。例如:

static init(obj): City {

    let city = new City();

    for (var i in obj) {
      if (i == "exists in City model") {
        city[i] = obj[i];
      }
    }
}

在 TypeScript 中有简单的方法来做到这一点吗?我不想被要求维护一个包含所有模型属性名称的数组来检查这个。

答案#1

如果你在 TypeScript Playground 上查看 TypeScript 编译器生成的输出,它不会为没有默认值的类属性设置任何值。所以一种可能的方法是将它们全部初始化为 null:

export class City {
    name: string = null;
    fullName: string = null;
    country: string = null;
    countryCode: string = null;
    center: string = null;

    ...
}

然后使用 typeof 检查对象属性是否存在于对象上。你更新后的代码:

export class City {
  name: string = null;
  fullName: string = null;
  country: string = null;
  countryCode: string = null;
  center: string = null;

  static init(obj): City {

    let city = new City();

    for (var i in obj) {
      if (typeof(obj[i]) !== 'undefined') {
        city[i] = obj[i];
      }
    }
    return city
  }
}

var c = City.init({
  name: 'aaa',
  country: 'bbb',
});

console.log(c);

使用 node 编译并运行时打印输出:

City {
  name: 'aaa',
  fullName: null,
  country: 'bbb',
  countryCode: null,
  center: null
}

答案#2

您可以尝试一个增强版的 TypeScript 编译器,它允许您在运行时获取类/接口的元数据(字段、方法、泛型类型等)。例如,您可以这样写:

export class City {
    name: string = null;
    fullName: string = null;
    country: string = null;
    countryCode: string = null;
    center: string = null;
}

function printMembers(clazz: Class) {
    let fields = clazz.members.filter(m => m.type.kind !== 'function'); //exclude methods.
    for(let field of fields) {
        let typeName = field.type.kind;
        if(typeName === 'class' || typeName === 'interface') {
            typeName = (<Class | Interface>field.type).name;
        }
        console.log(`Field ${field.name} of ${clazz.name} has type: ${typeName}`);
    }
}

printMembers(City.getClass());

而这是输出:

node main.js
Field name of City has type: string
Field fullName of City has type: string
Field country of City has type: string
Field countryCode of City has type: string
Field center of City has type: string

然后你可以在你的 for 循环中使用 City 元数据来检查特定实例上值的存在性。

你可以在这里找到我项目的所有细节