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typescript - 混入类的类型是什么


我无法弄清楚如何在不使用某种hack(如下所示)情况下获取TypeScript mixin类的类型

type Constructor<T = {}> = new(...args: any[]) => T;

function MyMixin<T extends Constructor>(BaseClass: T) {
  return class extends BaseClass {doY() {}}
}

// Option A: Ugly/wasteful
const MixedA = MyMixin(class {doX() {}});
const dummy = new MixedA();
type MixedA = typeof dummy;

class OtherA {
  field: MixedA = new MixedA();
  a() {this.field.doX(); this.field.doY();}
}

// Option B: Verbose
class Cls {doX() {}}
interface MixinInterface {doY(): void}

const MixedB = MyMixin(Cls);
type MixedB = Cls & MixinInterface;

class OtherB {
  field: MixedB = new MixedB();
  a() {this.field.doX(); this.field.doY();}
}

我真的很难过 TypeScript 不支持真正的 mixins/traits,但有没有其他方法可以声明 field 的类型,而不必使用实例的 typeof 或重新在接口中声明签名(我尝试过 typeof(new MixedBaseA()),但 typeof 不接受任意表达式)?

答案#1

可能不是你想要的,但这里有一个更不浪费的替代方案。根据定义:

type Constructor<T = {}> = new(...args: any[]) => T;

function MyMixin<T extends Constructor>(BaseClass: T) {
    return class extends BaseClass {
        doY() { }
    }
}

const MixedA = MyMixin(class { doX() {} });

你可以使用以下方式获取类型:

function getReturnType<R>(fn: (new(...args: any[]) => R)): R {
  return {} as R;
}

const dummy = getReturnType(MixedA);
type MixedAType = typeof dummy;

const mixedA : MixedAType = new MixedA();
mixedA.doX();
mixedA.doY();

操场

获取任何表达式类型的提议仍在讨论中:https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/6606。这将消除虚拟变量和函数。

或者,要获得一个干净的 type MixedAType=MyMixinY & X,你可以选择在混入中返回正确的构造函数类型:

type Constructor<T = {}> = new(...args: any[]) => T;

interface MyMixinY {
    doY()
} 

function MixinY<T extends Constructor>(BaseClass: T)
    : Constructor<MyMixinY> & T {

    return <any> class Y extends BaseClass implements MyMixinY {
        doY() { 
            console.log("in Y");
        }
    }
}

const MixedA = MixinY(class X {
    doX() {
        console.log("in X");
    }
});

function getReturnType<R>(fn: (new(...args: any[]) => R)): R {
  return {} as R;
}

const dummy = getReturnType(MixedA);
type MixedAType = typeof dummy; // now is `type MixedAType = MyMixinY & X`

const mixedA: MixedAType = new MixedA();
mixedA.doX();
mixedA.doY();