在使用 AMD 时,如何在 d.ts 文件中引用 TypeScript 枚举?
我想定义一个 TypeScript 接口来表示,比如,一个错误。像这样:
enum MessageLevel {
Unknown,
Fatal,
Critical,
Error,
Warning,
Info,
Debug
}
interface IMyMessage {
name: string;
level: MessageLevel;
message: string;
}
到目前为止,这样做是可以的。然而,现在(或许)我想在一个 .d.ts 文件中声明那个接口,以便其他人可以用它来进行类型标注。但我不想在 .d.ts 文件中定义枚举,因为那将是实现部分,而不仅仅是类型信息。这个枚举应该放在一个 .ts 文件中,假设叫做 messageLevel.ts:
///<amd-module name='MessageLevel'/>
export enum MessageLevel {
Unknown,
Fatal,
Critical,
Error,
Warning,
Info,
Debug
}
到此为止,我可以以这种方式在我的 d.ts 类型定义文件中使用它:
import * as ml from "./MessageLevel";
interface IMyMessage {
name: string;
level: ml.MessageLevel;
message: string;
}
我可以让这工作,但我不喜欢在类型文件中导入实现文件的层次混合。我也不喜欢在类型文件中实际实现枚举的想法。
有没有一种干净的方法可以做到这一点,同时严格将实现和声明分开?
答案#1
最佳解决方案可能取决于您是否偏好实际的 JavaScript 变量是数字、字符串或其他类型。如果您不介意使用字符串,可以这样做:
///messagelevel.d.ts
export type MessageLevel = "Unknown" | "Fatal" | "Critical" | "Error";
///main.d.ts
import * as ml from "./MessageLevel";
interface IMyMessage {
name: string;
level: ml.MessageLevel;
message: string;
}
所以最终在 JavaScript 中,它将仅仅以字符串的形式表示,但 TypeScript 会在你将它与列表中不存在的值比较,或者尝试将其赋值给不同的字符串时标记错误。由于这是 JavaScript 本身最接近任何类型枚举的方式(例如,document.createElement("video") 而不是 document.createElement(ElementTypes.VIDEO)),这可能是表达此逻辑的较好方式之一。
答案#2
在过去的几天里,我一直在思考这个问题,也许 const enum,结合联合类型,可能是一个合适的选择。
这种方法依赖于这样一个事实,即您的 API 客户端可以期望某些在您的 API 文件中未明确定义的枚举。
考虑一下这个。首先,API 文件 api.d.ts:
/**
* @file api.d.ts
*
* Here you define your public interface, to be
* implemented by one or more modules.
*/
/**
* An example enum.
*
* The enum here is `const` so that any reference to its
* elements are inlined, thereby guaranteeing that none of
* its members are computed, and that no corresponding
* JavaScript code is emmitted by the compiler for this
* type definition file.
*
* Note how this enum is named distinctly from its
* "conceptual" implementation, `MyEnum`.
* TypeScript only allows namespace merging for enums
* in the case where all namespaces are declared in the
* same file. Because of that, we cannot augment an enum's
* namespace across different source files (including
* `.d.ts` files).
*/
export const enum IMyEnum { A }
/**
* An example interface.
*/
export interface MyInterface {
/**
* An example method.
*
* The method itself receives `IMyEnum` only. Unfortunately,
* there's no way I'm aware of that would allow a forward
* declaration of `MyEnum`, like one would do in e.g. C++
* (e.g. declaration vs definition, ODR).
*/
myMethod(option: IMyEnum): void;
}
以及一个 API 实现,impl.ts:
/**
* @file impl.ts
*/
/**
* A runtime "conceptual" implementation for `IMyEnum`.
*/
enum MyEnum {
// We need to redeclare every member of `IMyEnum`
// in `MyEnum`, so that the values for each equally named
// element in both enums are the same.
// TypeScript will emit something that is accessible at
// runtime, for example:
//
// MyEnum[MyEnum["A"] = 100] = "A";
//
A = IMyEnum.A
}
class MyObject implements IMyInterface {
// Notice how this union-typed argument still matches its
// counterpart in `IMyInterface.myMethod`.
myMethod(option: MyEnum | IMyEnum): void {
console.log("You selected: " + MyEnum[option]);
}
}
// ----
var o = new MyObject();
o.myMethod(MyEnum.A); // ==> You selected: 100
o.myMethod(IMyEnum.A); // ==> You selected: 100
// YAY! (But all this work shouldn't really be necessary, if TypeScript
// was a bit more reasonable regarding enums and type declaration files...)
我做了这个 gist 作为一个例子,以防有人想看看这种方法的实际运用。
